Five Urgent Problems to be Solved for the Sustainable Development of the Wind & Solar Bases in Desert Areas
From：
Zhonglin International Group Date：07-10 1015 Belong to：Industry Related
Since the 14th Five Year Plan period, China has repeatedly proposed to accelerate the construction of large-scale wind and photovoltaic bases (hereinafter referred to as large bases) in desert areas. In 2022, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration released the "Planning and Layout Plan for Large Wind and Photovoltaic Bases with a Focus on Deserts, Gobi, and Desert Regions" (hereinafter referred to as the "Planning and Layout Plan"), which plans to focus on the desert areas of Kubuqi, Ulanbuhe, Tengger, and Badain Jaran to plan and construct large wind and photovoltaic bases. In 2023, the National Energy Administration released the "Blue Book for the Development of New Power Systems", which pointed out that accelerating the construction of large-scale wind and solar power bases with a focus on deserts, Gobi, and desert areas is one of the important implementation paths for the country to systematically and step by step promote the achievement of the strategic goals of the new power system.
I. Basic information and characteristics of the large base
The Planning and Layout Plan proposes to build a total installed capacity of approximately 455 million kilowatts of wind and solar power bases by 2030, including 284 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for Kubuqi, Ulanbuhe, Tengger, and Badain Jilin Desert bases, 37 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for coal mining subsidence areas, and 134 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for other deserts and Gobi regions. Among them, during the 14th Five Year Plan period, the planned total installed capacity of the wind and solar power base is about 200 million kilowatts, including 150 million kilowatts for external transmission and 50 million kilowatts for local self-use; During the 15th Five Year Plan period, the planned total installed capacity of the wind and solar power base is about 255 million kilowatts, including 165 million kilowatts for external transmission and 90 million kilowatts for local self-use.
The large base is different from conventional new energy projects, and its investment scale is huge. For example, the installed capacity of several projects in the middle and north of Ordos in the Kubuqi Desert, the south of Ordos, and the southeast of Tengger Desert in Ningxia exceeds 10 million kilowatts, and the investment in a single project is nearly 100 billion yuan, which will directly affect the operation and development of the investors and the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. The consumption of electricity is complex, with less load in the Shagehuang area and surrounding areas of the northwest five provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where the large base is located. It is difficult to consume electricity on site and requires cross provincial, cross regional, and cross "big power grid" external transmission. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, the proportion of large base external transmission is about 75%, covering areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Central China, and East China. Coordination of issues related to power distribution ratio and electricity price mechanism is difficult. The operation mode is diverse, and the large base involves multiple types of power sources and multiple investment entities. For example, the new energy base in the central and northern part of Ordos in the Kubuqi Desert is jointly developed by Three Gorges Group and Mengneng Group, which are responsible for the construction of different types of power sources. There is still significant uncertainty about whether to adopt independent operation or multi type "intermodal transportation".
Therefore, in terms of electricity consumption, scheduling methods, pricing mechanisms, and market participation, the large base will bring unprecedented challenges to government authorities at all levels, power grids and trading institutions, as well as investment entities. It requires a high degree of coordination, close cooperation, and gradual exploration from all parties, in order to fairly and reasonably distribute the benefits between the governments at both ends, power grids at all levels, enterprises, and users. From policies Comprehensively promote the construction of a supply and consumption system for large bases through mechanisms and other links, and form a package plan for cost sharing and benefit sharing.
II. Five problems faced by subsequent operations
Question 1: How to schedule and operate a large base
The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration clearly stated in the Reply to the Implementation Plan of the New Energy Base in the Middle and North Ordos, the South Ordos and the Southeast Tengger Desert in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The southern base will adopt an integrated approach of wind, solar, and thermal energy storage, and will be transmitted to the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and the central and eastern regions for consumption through the proposed DC transmission channel across the "large power grid". At present, the ownership of scheduling rights for the above-mentioned large bases is not yet clear, and there is a possibility of independent scheduling by a single power grid or joint scheduling by multiple power grids. Different scheduling methods will have a significant impact on the energy consumption and electricity price levels of the large bases, and should be coordinated and clarified as soon as possible.
In addition, within a single large base, there are multiple types of power sources involved, including wind, solar, and fire storage. There are two modes of power grid scheduling based on different types of power sources and integrated "intermodal transportation" for investment entities. From the perspective of the power grid, the unified delegation of scheduling rights for supporting flexible resources to the power grid side will be more effective in regulating and ensuring system safety than being dispersed on the power supply side, which is a traditional scheduling method for energy bases in China; From a market perspective, the integration of "intermodal transportation" by investment entities is not contradictory to the optimization and utilization of regulatory resources. According to the core idea of "managing the middle and opening up both ends" in Document No. 9 of the China Development Bank, the integration of "intermodal transportation" by investment entities is more in line with the direction of electricity marketization reform, which allows the power generation side to maximize its economic benefits while maintaining stable support for the safety of the power grid. In essence, integrated "intermodal transportation" does not mean that the power grid has lost the right to coordinate, guide and emergency control the supporting regulatory resources of the large base. The power grid can still require timely response, when necessary, through relevant rules and regulations to ensure system security in a more open and transparent way.
Question 2: How to match the curves at both ends of the transmission and reception
The large power generation capacity of the base is enormous, and the pressure on a single province (region, city) to absorb electricity is high. It is necessary to balance the output characteristics and load characteristics of the receiving end in a larger area based on overall consideration. Currently, with the large-scale integration of new energy into the grid in various provinces (regions, cities), the power supply structure at both ends of the transmission and reception is gradually becoming homogenized, leading to difficulties in matching the power supply and purchase curves of provinces (regions, cities) within and between regions. The space for midday peak shaving and mutual assistance is shrinking year by year, and the overall peak shaving problem is prominent. For example, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in Qinghai accounts for about 40% of the total installed capacity, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in Hebei South Grid is expected to exceed 55% in 2025. Many provinces face difficulties in consuming during the noon photovoltaic peak period and insufficient peak capacity during the peak electricity consumption period, which increases the difficulty of matching the power generation curve and load curve at both ends of the transmission and reception. There is a risk of periodic power restrictions in large bases. Therefore, it is difficult to clarify the direction of consumption and the proportion of power distribution.
Question 3: How to establish a long-term stable cost recovery mechanism
At present, there is no mature experience to learn from in the pricing mechanism of large bases. In the absence of clear guidance from national regulatory authorities, due to the fact that its pricing mechanism is related to the balance of interests among multiple provinces (regions, cities), multiple power grids, and power generation enterprises, it is difficult for all parties to reach a consensus through self-negotiation.
1. How to effectively connect priority pricing with market-oriented electricity pricing mechanisms. In the short term, the consumption of cross provincial and cross regional electricity transmission from large bases may be guaranteed through priority power generation plans, serving as a boundary to participate in the receiving end market. In the medium and long term, with the establishment and improvement of the national unified electricity market and regional electricity market, participation in the market may be gradually liberalized proportionally. To ensure the effective connection and smooth transition between priority planned electricity prices and market-oriented electricity price mechanisms, in the process of negotiating and forming a regulated electricity price mechanism, it may be considered to be linked to market-oriented electricity prices and fluctuate up and down according to a certain proportion.
2. How to choose between categorical pricing and bundled pricing. The large base includes multiple power supply varieties such as wind, solar, and fire storage, and each variety faces significant differences in policy and market environment. The advantage of classified pricing is that the current pricing mechanism is relatively mature, and policies and mechanisms are relatively clear, but it is not conducive to the optimization of joint operation within the project. The advantage of bundled pricing is that it can enhance the enthusiasm of various investment entities to carry out joint optimization operation of wind, solar, and coal storage. However, the price formation mechanism is relatively complex, and it is necessary to fully consider the joint operation mode of various types of power sources, and weigh the proportion and relationship of multidimensional values such as electricity energy, flexibility, and green environment in the integrated electricity price.
3. How to balance multiple factors such as cost, value, and the affordability of the sender and receiver. The large base undertakes China's national energy strategies such as the "West East Power Transmission" and the transformation of clean energy, and requires all stakeholders to formulate a price formation mechanism based on the principles of shared interests and risks. On the one hand, it is necessary to assess the hourly value of electrical energy for each power source type, the green value of wind and solar power, and the capacity and peak shaving value of thermal power and energy storage, using the comprehensive value provided by the large base as the pricing basis; On the other hand, specific scenarios should be considered, and prices should be adjusted appropriately based on factors such as the reasonable benefits that can be obtained by the sending end and the receiving end's affordability, while considering incorporating changes in fuel costs into the price formation mechanism.
Question 4: How to participate in multi time scale, multi-level, and multifunctional electricity market transactions
With the establishment of a unified national electricity market, it is expected that the proportion of electricity generated by large bases participating in market-oriented transactions will gradually expand. Firstly, as China's electricity markets at all levels gradually achieve full coverage of "annual, monthly, monthly, pre day, and real-time" trading time series, large bases need to participate in multi time scale electricity markets; The second is the large-scale external transmission and consumption of large bases, which need to simultaneously face multi-level electricity markets such as inter provincial, transmission and reception end regions, and provincial levels; The third is that the large base has multiple values such as reliability, flexibility, and cleanliness, and can participate in multiple markets such as electric energy, auxiliary services, green electricity, and capacity markets. At present, various markets are gradually coupling, with extremely complex connection relationships and boundary conditions, and are still in the stage of construction and improvement. The identity, rules, and participation methods of large base participation in transactions are not yet clear, and investment entities will face huge challenges in the operational decision-making process.
Question 5: How to fairly share regulatory responsibilities and high proportion of new energy access costs
At present, it is difficult for multiple provinces that rely solely on the regulatory capacity of supporting control zones to balance the requirements of stable external transmission curves and clean energy ratios, and the additional regulatory responsibilities borne by the sending end cannot be reasonably guided to the receiving end users. At present, cross provincial and cross regional DC receiving areas usually do not participate in short-term regulation, and excessive fluctuations mainly rely on the adjustment and adjustment of the sending end power grid. Due to the low matching degree between the new energy medium and long-term trading curve and the actual curve, in order to ensure stable DC transmission, in addition to supporting conventional power sources, the sending end power grid also provides auxiliary services such as frequency regulation and peak shaving. However, the existing price mechanism does not reflect the corresponding costs, A large amount of auxiliary service fees are still being shared on the power generation side of the transmitting power grid, and have not been diverted to the user side of the receiving province.
At the same time, the support and adjustment capabilities of the delivery end are gradually unable to meet the delivery needs of the Shagohuang base. Firstly, the construction of existing regulatory capacity lags behind. For example, since the 14th Five Year Plan period, there has been almost no new addition of regulatory conventional power sources in Gansu, and there has been insufficient start-up of thermal power projects approved in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia; Secondly, the flexibility renovation space in some regions is limited. For example, after the flexibility renovation of public coal-fired power in Gansu, the average peak shaving depth has reached 33%, and the potential for renovation has been fully tapped; The third is that the gap in peak shaving will continue to expand. Currently, such problems have occurred in Qingyu DC and Lugu DC. It is expected that with the expansion of the national new energy scale, the requirements for regulating capacity will also be further improved. The fourth is that a high proportion of new energy has put forward higher requirements for the stability limit of the provincial grid structure and external transmission channels at the sending end.
Strengthening the structure and adjustment capacity of the grid will incur a significant amount of costs, including a series of key project investments in new construction and expansion; On the other hand, it includes adding new distribution and storage, and carrying out deep adjustment and flexibility transformation of the main thermal power units. According to the current national cost supervision and pricing rules, the above-mentioned investment and cost expenses will be included in the provincial transmission and distribution electricity price and system operation cost guidance, thereby pushing up the household-to-household electricity price in the province, which will have a significant impact on provinces with heavy industry as the main focus and high sensitivity of large users to electricity prices.
3、 Related thinking
In response to the above issues, all relevant parties should, under the overall guidance of the national regulatory authorities, study and clarify the core content of large-scale base consumption, prices, scheduling mechanisms, and transaction methods as soon as possible, and explore its high-quality development path.
（1） Coordinate the development of transportation and consumption plans and pricing mechanisms for large bases. In response to the situation where there are many stakeholders related to the large base and negotiation is difficult, the national regulatory department can guide the formulation and coordination of consumption plans and electricity pricing mechanisms to ensure the full consumption of green and clean energy. At the same time, in the initial stage, the large base will be included in the cross provincial and cross regional priority power generation plan, and prices will be negotiated between the transmission and reception parties under national guidance. In the later stage, based on the progress of electricity marketization reform, participation in the market will be steadily and orderly opened up.
（2） Promote the integrated scheduling and operation of new energy and supporting thermal power. To promote the achievement of the goal of multi energy complementarity in large bases and maximize their benefits, we will explore bundled trading models for large bases. For large bases operated by the same power generation entity, wind, solar, and thermal power will be used as a market entity to sign medium - and long-term transaction curves with external parties. Integrated solutions such as transaction organization, scheduling and operation, settlement, deviation handling, and responsibility sharing will be studied to promote the formation of medium - and long-term transactions, reduce deviation assessment costs, improve the utilization rate of external transmission channels, and increase the proportion of new energy electricity. For large bases jointly constructed by multiple power generation entities, new energy and supporting thermal power can be bundled and operated through contract transfer transactions or other internal agreements. If the base's own adjustment resources are limited, the power grid enterprise can arrange for cross regional or provincial adjustment resources to be balanced and assessed based on regional and provincial rules and auxiliary service market rules.
（3） Improve the mechanism for large base participation in market transactions. In addition to meeting the electricity demand of electricity purchasing regions, large bases also provide capacity and green environmental value. Further improvement should be made in auxiliary services, green electricity certificates, and capacity market mechanisms, clarifying the participation methods of large bases, and effectively realizing their diverse value. At the same time, further research will be conducted on the connection relationship and boundary conditions between the participation of large bases in various levels of electricity markets.
（4） Improve the mechanism for fair allocation of regulatory responsibilities by the sender and receiver. One is to reasonably allocate the increased cost of consuming new energy to users outside the province, power generation enterprises, and local users through the principle of "who benefits, who shares", combined with the ability of all parties to bear it, and by separately listing auxiliary service fees and setting capacity compensation fees in inter regional medium and long-term transaction contracts, forming a reasonable guidance mechanism of multiple measures and multi-party sharing. And through this method, it reflects the value of regulating the power grid at the sending end, stimulates the construction of regulatory power sources, and enhances the ability of the sending end power grid to ensure stable external transmission. The second is to regulate the fluctuation of new energy output through market-oriented means jointly by the sending and receiving ends. On the basis of the medium to long term trading curve, explore ways to participate in the spot market, auxiliary service market, and other forms of deviant electricity quantity, participate in the joint adjustment of the sending and receiving ends, and optimize the utilization of resources in accordance with the planned province, province, northwest region, and cross regional transmission, in order to improve the level of interaction with the corresponding market.
I. Basic information and characteristics of the large base
The Planning and Layout Plan proposes to build a total installed capacity of approximately 455 million kilowatts of wind and solar power bases by 2030, including 284 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for Kubuqi, Ulanbuhe, Tengger, and Badain Jilin Desert bases, 37 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for coal mining subsidence areas, and 134 million kilowatts of planned installed capacity for other deserts and Gobi regions. Among them, during the 14th Five Year Plan period, the planned total installed capacity of the wind and solar power base is about 200 million kilowatts, including 150 million kilowatts for external transmission and 50 million kilowatts for local self-use; During the 15th Five Year Plan period, the planned total installed capacity of the wind and solar power base is about 255 million kilowatts, including 165 million kilowatts for external transmission and 90 million kilowatts for local self-use.
The large base is different from conventional new energy projects, and its investment scale is huge. For example, the installed capacity of several projects in the middle and north of Ordos in the Kubuqi Desert, the south of Ordos, and the southeast of Tengger Desert in Ningxia exceeds 10 million kilowatts, and the investment in a single project is nearly 100 billion yuan, which will directly affect the operation and development of the investors and the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets. The consumption of electricity is complex, with less load in the Shagehuang area and surrounding areas of the northwest five provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region where the large base is located. It is difficult to consume electricity on site and requires cross provincial, cross regional, and cross "big power grid" external transmission. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, the proportion of large base external transmission is about 75%, covering areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Central China, and East China. Coordination of issues related to power distribution ratio and electricity price mechanism is difficult. The operation mode is diverse, and the large base involves multiple types of power sources and multiple investment entities. For example, the new energy base in the central and northern part of Ordos in the Kubuqi Desert is jointly developed by Three Gorges Group and Mengneng Group, which are responsible for the construction of different types of power sources. There is still significant uncertainty about whether to adopt independent operation or multi type "intermodal transportation".
Therefore, in terms of electricity consumption, scheduling methods, pricing mechanisms, and market participation, the large base will bring unprecedented challenges to government authorities at all levels, power grids and trading institutions, as well as investment entities. It requires a high degree of coordination, close cooperation, and gradual exploration from all parties, in order to fairly and reasonably distribute the benefits between the governments at both ends, power grids at all levels, enterprises, and users. From policies Comprehensively promote the construction of a supply and consumption system for large bases through mechanisms and other links, and form a package plan for cost sharing and benefit sharing.
II. Five problems faced by subsequent operations
Question 1: How to schedule and operate a large base
The National Development and Reform Commission and the National Energy Administration clearly stated in the Reply to the Implementation Plan of the New Energy Base in the Middle and North Ordos, the South Ordos and the Southeast Tengger Desert in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region The southern base will adopt an integrated approach of wind, solar, and thermal energy storage, and will be transmitted to the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region and the central and eastern regions for consumption through the proposed DC transmission channel across the "large power grid". At present, the ownership of scheduling rights for the above-mentioned large bases is not yet clear, and there is a possibility of independent scheduling by a single power grid or joint scheduling by multiple power grids. Different scheduling methods will have a significant impact on the energy consumption and electricity price levels of the large bases, and should be coordinated and clarified as soon as possible.
In addition, within a single large base, there are multiple types of power sources involved, including wind, solar, and fire storage. There are two modes of power grid scheduling based on different types of power sources and integrated "intermodal transportation" for investment entities. From the perspective of the power grid, the unified delegation of scheduling rights for supporting flexible resources to the power grid side will be more effective in regulating and ensuring system safety than being dispersed on the power supply side, which is a traditional scheduling method for energy bases in China; From a market perspective, the integration of "intermodal transportation" by investment entities is not contradictory to the optimization and utilization of regulatory resources. According to the core idea of "managing the middle and opening up both ends" in Document No. 9 of the China Development Bank, the integration of "intermodal transportation" by investment entities is more in line with the direction of electricity marketization reform, which allows the power generation side to maximize its economic benefits while maintaining stable support for the safety of the power grid. In essence, integrated "intermodal transportation" does not mean that the power grid has lost the right to coordinate, guide and emergency control the supporting regulatory resources of the large base. The power grid can still require timely response, when necessary, through relevant rules and regulations to ensure system security in a more open and transparent way.
Question 2: How to match the curves at both ends of the transmission and reception
The large power generation capacity of the base is enormous, and the pressure on a single province (region, city) to absorb electricity is high. It is necessary to balance the output characteristics and load characteristics of the receiving end in a larger area based on overall consideration. Currently, with the large-scale integration of new energy into the grid in various provinces (regions, cities), the power supply structure at both ends of the transmission and reception is gradually becoming homogenized, leading to difficulties in matching the power supply and purchase curves of provinces (regions, cities) within and between regions. The space for midday peak shaving and mutual assistance is shrinking year by year, and the overall peak shaving problem is prominent. For example, the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in Qinghai accounts for about 40% of the total installed capacity, and the installed capacity of photovoltaic power generation in Hebei South Grid is expected to exceed 55% in 2025. Many provinces face difficulties in consuming during the noon photovoltaic peak period and insufficient peak capacity during the peak electricity consumption period, which increases the difficulty of matching the power generation curve and load curve at both ends of the transmission and reception. There is a risk of periodic power restrictions in large bases. Therefore, it is difficult to clarify the direction of consumption and the proportion of power distribution.
Question 3: How to establish a long-term stable cost recovery mechanism
At present, there is no mature experience to learn from in the pricing mechanism of large bases. In the absence of clear guidance from national regulatory authorities, due to the fact that its pricing mechanism is related to the balance of interests among multiple provinces (regions, cities), multiple power grids, and power generation enterprises, it is difficult for all parties to reach a consensus through self-negotiation.
1. How to effectively connect priority pricing with market-oriented electricity pricing mechanisms. In the short term, the consumption of cross provincial and cross regional electricity transmission from large bases may be guaranteed through priority power generation plans, serving as a boundary to participate in the receiving end market. In the medium and long term, with the establishment and improvement of the national unified electricity market and regional electricity market, participation in the market may be gradually liberalized proportionally. To ensure the effective connection and smooth transition between priority planned electricity prices and market-oriented electricity price mechanisms, in the process of negotiating and forming a regulated electricity price mechanism, it may be considered to be linked to market-oriented electricity prices and fluctuate up and down according to a certain proportion.
2. How to choose between categorical pricing and bundled pricing. The large base includes multiple power supply varieties such as wind, solar, and fire storage, and each variety faces significant differences in policy and market environment. The advantage of classified pricing is that the current pricing mechanism is relatively mature, and policies and mechanisms are relatively clear, but it is not conducive to the optimization of joint operation within the project. The advantage of bundled pricing is that it can enhance the enthusiasm of various investment entities to carry out joint optimization operation of wind, solar, and coal storage. However, the price formation mechanism is relatively complex, and it is necessary to fully consider the joint operation mode of various types of power sources, and weigh the proportion and relationship of multidimensional values such as electricity energy, flexibility, and green environment in the integrated electricity price.
3. How to balance multiple factors such as cost, value, and the affordability of the sender and receiver. The large base undertakes China's national energy strategies such as the "West East Power Transmission" and the transformation of clean energy, and requires all stakeholders to formulate a price formation mechanism based on the principles of shared interests and risks. On the one hand, it is necessary to assess the hourly value of electrical energy for each power source type, the green value of wind and solar power, and the capacity and peak shaving value of thermal power and energy storage, using the comprehensive value provided by the large base as the pricing basis; On the other hand, specific scenarios should be considered, and prices should be adjusted appropriately based on factors such as the reasonable benefits that can be obtained by the sending end and the receiving end's affordability, while considering incorporating changes in fuel costs into the price formation mechanism.
Question 4: How to participate in multi time scale, multi-level, and multifunctional electricity market transactions
With the establishment of a unified national electricity market, it is expected that the proportion of electricity generated by large bases participating in market-oriented transactions will gradually expand. Firstly, as China's electricity markets at all levels gradually achieve full coverage of "annual, monthly, monthly, pre day, and real-time" trading time series, large bases need to participate in multi time scale electricity markets; The second is the large-scale external transmission and consumption of large bases, which need to simultaneously face multi-level electricity markets such as inter provincial, transmission and reception end regions, and provincial levels; The third is that the large base has multiple values such as reliability, flexibility, and cleanliness, and can participate in multiple markets such as electric energy, auxiliary services, green electricity, and capacity markets. At present, various markets are gradually coupling, with extremely complex connection relationships and boundary conditions, and are still in the stage of construction and improvement. The identity, rules, and participation methods of large base participation in transactions are not yet clear, and investment entities will face huge challenges in the operational decision-making process.
Question 5: How to fairly share regulatory responsibilities and high proportion of new energy access costs
At present, it is difficult for multiple provinces that rely solely on the regulatory capacity of supporting control zones to balance the requirements of stable external transmission curves and clean energy ratios, and the additional regulatory responsibilities borne by the sending end cannot be reasonably guided to the receiving end users. At present, cross provincial and cross regional DC receiving areas usually do not participate in short-term regulation, and excessive fluctuations mainly rely on the adjustment and adjustment of the sending end power grid. Due to the low matching degree between the new energy medium and long-term trading curve and the actual curve, in order to ensure stable DC transmission, in addition to supporting conventional power sources, the sending end power grid also provides auxiliary services such as frequency regulation and peak shaving. However, the existing price mechanism does not reflect the corresponding costs, A large amount of auxiliary service fees are still being shared on the power generation side of the transmitting power grid, and have not been diverted to the user side of the receiving province.
At the same time, the support and adjustment capabilities of the delivery end are gradually unable to meet the delivery needs of the Shagohuang base. Firstly, the construction of existing regulatory capacity lags behind. For example, since the 14th Five Year Plan period, there has been almost no new addition of regulatory conventional power sources in Gansu, and there has been insufficient start-up of thermal power projects approved in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia; Secondly, the flexibility renovation space in some regions is limited. For example, after the flexibility renovation of public coal-fired power in Gansu, the average peak shaving depth has reached 33%, and the potential for renovation has been fully tapped; The third is that the gap in peak shaving will continue to expand. Currently, such problems have occurred in Qingyu DC and Lugu DC. It is expected that with the expansion of the national new energy scale, the requirements for regulating capacity will also be further improved. The fourth is that a high proportion of new energy has put forward higher requirements for the stability limit of the provincial grid structure and external transmission channels at the sending end.
Strengthening the structure and adjustment capacity of the grid will incur a significant amount of costs, including a series of key project investments in new construction and expansion; On the other hand, it includes adding new distribution and storage, and carrying out deep adjustment and flexibility transformation of the main thermal power units. According to the current national cost supervision and pricing rules, the above-mentioned investment and cost expenses will be included in the provincial transmission and distribution electricity price and system operation cost guidance, thereby pushing up the household-to-household electricity price in the province, which will have a significant impact on provinces with heavy industry as the main focus and high sensitivity of large users to electricity prices.
3、 Related thinking
In response to the above issues, all relevant parties should, under the overall guidance of the national regulatory authorities, study and clarify the core content of large-scale base consumption, prices, scheduling mechanisms, and transaction methods as soon as possible, and explore its high-quality development path.
（1） Coordinate the development of transportation and consumption plans and pricing mechanisms for large bases. In response to the situation where there are many stakeholders related to the large base and negotiation is difficult, the national regulatory department can guide the formulation and coordination of consumption plans and electricity pricing mechanisms to ensure the full consumption of green and clean energy. At the same time, in the initial stage, the large base will be included in the cross provincial and cross regional priority power generation plan, and prices will be negotiated between the transmission and reception parties under national guidance. In the later stage, based on the progress of electricity marketization reform, participation in the market will be steadily and orderly opened up.
（2） Promote the integrated scheduling and operation of new energy and supporting thermal power. To promote the achievement of the goal of multi energy complementarity in large bases and maximize their benefits, we will explore bundled trading models for large bases. For large bases operated by the same power generation entity, wind, solar, and thermal power will be used as a market entity to sign medium - and long-term transaction curves with external parties. Integrated solutions such as transaction organization, scheduling and operation, settlement, deviation handling, and responsibility sharing will be studied to promote the formation of medium - and long-term transactions, reduce deviation assessment costs, improve the utilization rate of external transmission channels, and increase the proportion of new energy electricity. For large bases jointly constructed by multiple power generation entities, new energy and supporting thermal power can be bundled and operated through contract transfer transactions or other internal agreements. If the base's own adjustment resources are limited, the power grid enterprise can arrange for cross regional or provincial adjustment resources to be balanced and assessed based on regional and provincial rules and auxiliary service market rules.
（3） Improve the mechanism for large base participation in market transactions. In addition to meeting the electricity demand of electricity purchasing regions, large bases also provide capacity and green environmental value. Further improvement should be made in auxiliary services, green electricity certificates, and capacity market mechanisms, clarifying the participation methods of large bases, and effectively realizing their diverse value. At the same time, further research will be conducted on the connection relationship and boundary conditions between the participation of large bases in various levels of electricity markets.
（4） Improve the mechanism for fair allocation of regulatory responsibilities by the sender and receiver. One is to reasonably allocate the increased cost of consuming new energy to users outside the province, power generation enterprises, and local users through the principle of "who benefits, who shares", combined with the ability of all parties to bear it, and by separately listing auxiliary service fees and setting capacity compensation fees in inter regional medium and long-term transaction contracts, forming a reasonable guidance mechanism of multiple measures and multi-party sharing. And through this method, it reflects the value of regulating the power grid at the sending end, stimulates the construction of regulatory power sources, and enhances the ability of the sending end power grid to ensure stable external transmission. The second is to regulate the fluctuation of new energy output through market-oriented means jointly by the sending and receiving ends. On the basis of the medium to long term trading curve, explore ways to participate in the spot market, auxiliary service market, and other forms of deviant electricity quantity, participate in the joint adjustment of the sending and receiving ends, and optimize the utilization of resources in accordance with the planned province, province, northwest region, and cross regional transmission, in order to improve the level of interaction with the corresponding market.
